A Study on Factors Affecting High Quality Fruit Tomato Production in a Greenhouse by Utilizing Low Cost Smart Agriculture Framework
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v2i2.104Keywords:
Fruit tomato, Sweetness degree, Smart agricultureAbstract
In this paper, we present an examination of factors affecting the sweetness degree of fruit tomato by utilizing a low-cost smart agriculture framework. Japanese consumers are willing to pay a sky-high price for particularly high sweetness degree of tomato, known as fruit tomato. Japanese farmers would like to produce sustainable fruit tomato, yet only some of the veteran farmers with tens of years of experience or big industrialized farms can produce it. Small scale farmers still struggle to produce sustainable fruit tomato. Many of them would like to know what factors affecting the sweetness degree of tomato. This study aims to clarify factors affecting the sweetness degree production by using a low-cost smart agriculture framework installed in a fruit tomato farmer in Nara prefecture, a western part of Japan. The data used were automatic data gathered from the sensor network, i.e. temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure as well as CO2; and manually input cultivation records, namely, fertilizers (Ca, NO3), pH, EC (electrical conductivity), harvesting record (yield and sweetness degree) as well as cropping calendar. We gathered data from June 2017 to December 2019. We then conducted a statistical analysis using the R statistical computing language. We found that the most significant factor for a high sweetness degree of fruit tomato is the growing time, that is the longer the growing time, the higher the sweetness degree of fruit tomato. The growing time is likely to be affected by season, as in summer growing time is faster than in wintertime. Consequently, summer is not the best time to grow fruit tomato.
References
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Saito, T., & Ito, H. (1967). Studies on the growth and fruiting in the tomato. IX: Effects of the early environmental conditions and the cultural treatments on the morphological and physiological development of flowers and the flower drop. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 36 (2): 195-205. doi:https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.36.195.
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TongKe, F. (2013). Smart agriculture based on cloud computing and IOT. Journal of Convergence Information Technology 8 (2): 210-216. doi:10.4156/jcit.vol8.issue2.26.
Xu, Z., Shou, W., Huang, K., Zhou, S., Li, G., Tang, G., Xiu, X., Xu, G., & Jin, B. (2000). The current situation and trend of tomato cultivation in China. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 22 (3): 379-382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-000-0061-y.
Yabe, S. A, Honma, C., Nagahama, Y., & Takahashi, N. (2009). Comparative study of tomato with a high sugar content and common tomato grown. Journal of Cookery Science of Japan 42 (3): 188-193. doi:https://doi.org/10.11402/cookeryscience.42.188.
Yoshida, Y., Shingai, A., Ooyama, M., Murakami, K., & Goto, T. (2013). Incidence of blossom-end rot in relation to water-soluble Ca concentration in tomato fruits as affected by Ca nutrition under root restriction. Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University 102: 21-28. http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/en/49158.
Yoshino, M. M., & Kai, K. (1977). The division and characteristics of the natural seasons of Japan. Geographical Review of Japan 50 (11): 635-651. doi:https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.50.635.
Amano, K. (2020). A study on sales and consumers' purchasing factors of premium agricultural product (Master thesis). Tokyo: Tokyo University of Agriculture.
Anderson, D. A., Sweeney, D. J., & Williams, T. A. (2008). Statistics for business and economics (11th ed.). Mason: Thomson Higher Education.
Bedrick, E. J., & Tsai, C. L. (1994). Model selection for multivariate regression in small samples. Biometrics 50 (1): 226-231. doi:10.2307/2533213 .
Bhanti, M., & Taneja, A. (2005). Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues in summer and winter vegetables from Agra, India–a case study. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 110: 341-346. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-8043-6.
Cho, I. H., Nonami, H., Fukuyama, T., Henmi, T., & Hashimoto, Y. (1992). Tomato Blossom-end Rot Caused by High Concentrations of Calcium ions in Hydroponic Culture. Shita Journal 4 (1): 40-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.2525/jshita.4.40.
El-Gizawy, A. M., Abdallah, M. M. F., Gomaa, H. M., & Mohamed, S. S. (1992). Effect of different shading levels on tomato plants. 2. Yield and fruit quality. Acta Horticulturae 323: 349-354. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.323.32.
Farrar, D. E., & Glauber, R. R. (1967). Multicollinearity in regression analysis: the problem revisited. The Review of Economic and Statistics 49: 92-107. doi:10.2307/1937887 .
Gower, J. C. (1985). Measures of similarity, dissimilarity, and distance. In Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, Vol. 5, by N.L. Johnson, & C.B. Read S. Kotz, 397-405. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Hansson, S. O. (2019). Farmers’ experiments and scientific methodology. European Journal for Philosophy of Science 9 (3): 1-23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-019-0255-7.
Higashide, T., Yasuba, K. I., Suzuki, K., Nakano, A., & Ohmori, H. (2012). Yield of Japanese tomato cultivars has been hampered by a breeding focus on flavor. HortScience 47 (10): 1408-1411. doi:https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.47.10.1408.
Ibaraki prefectural government. (2010). Effect on low concentration control of carbon dioxide in winter and spring harvesting tomato cultivation. Ibaraki: Ibaraki prefectural government. ttps://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/nourinsuisan/enken/seika/yasai/tomato/documents/s2223.pdf.
Izawa, S. (2014). Branding and brand improvement of high quality tomato in producer and production level. Vegetable Information 126: 48-58. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40020193374.
James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T., & Tibshirani, R. (2013). An introduction to statistical learning. New York: Springer.
Johnson, R. A. & Wichern, D. W. (1992). Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis (3rd Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Manishi, K., Fukumoto, Y., & Yoshida, T. (1996). Effect of compost application under water stress based rooting zone restriction on tomato growth and fruit quality. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 67 (3): 257-264. doi:https://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.3_257.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). (2019). Circumstances of Vegetable in Japan. Tokyo: MAFF. https://www.maff.go.jp/j/council/seisaku/kikaku/bukai/attach/pdf/190424-1.pdf.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). (2018b). Smart agriculture promotion and initiative. Tokyo: MAFF. https://www.maff.go.jp/kyusyu/seisan/gizyutu/attach/pdf/smartagri-10.pdf.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). (2018a). Trend and issued in promoting vegetable production. Tokyo: MAFF. https://www.jataff.jp/project/inasaku/koen/koen_h29_3.pdf.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). n.d. What kind of tomato is fruit tomato. Tokyo: MAFF. https://www.maff.go.jp/j/heya/kodomo_sodan/0006/11.html.
Nagaoka, M., & Takahashi, K. (1983). Growth and yield of tomato under combined environmental control. Bulletin of the Vegetable and Ornamental CropsResearch Station. Se-ries A 11: 45-56. https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010290941.pdf.
Okayasu, T., Nugroho, A.P., Sakai, A., Arita, D., Yoshinaga, T., Taniguchi, R.I., Horimoto, M., Inoue, E., Hirai, Y. & Mitsuoka, M. (2017). Affordable field environmental monitoring and plant growth measurement system for smart agriculture. In 2017 Eleventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST). Sydney: IEEE. 4pp. doi:10.1109/ICSensT.2017.8304486.
Opara, L. (2004). Emerging technological innovation triad for smart agriculture in the 21st century. Part I. Prospects and impacts of nanotechnology in agriculture. The CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development 6: 1-27. https://hdl.handle.net/1813/10397.
Rubanga, D. P., Hatanaka, K., & Shimada, S. (2019). Development of a simplified smart agriculture system for small-scale greenhouse farming. Sensors and Materials 31 (3): 831-843. doi:https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM.2019.2154.
Saito, T., & Ito, H. (1967). Studies on the growth and fruiting in the tomato. IX: Effects of the early environmental conditions and the cultural treatments on the morphological and physiological development of flowers and the flower drop. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 36 (2): 195-205. doi:https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.36.195.
Selina, P., & Bledsoe, M. E. (2002). U.S. greenhouse/hothouse hydroponic tomato timeline. New Jersey: LP Village Farms. https://www.dphu.org/uploads/attachements/books/books_2252_0.pdf.
Statistics Bureau of Japan (SBJ). (2020). Survey on local vegetable production. 3 24. https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00500501&tstat=000001018175&cycle=7&year=20180&month=0&tclass1=000001033588&tclass2=000001138386.
Terasawa, N., Imai, N., Nosaka, M., & Kujira, Y. (2008). Effects of position on the plant, ripening stage and water stress Due to root-zone restriction on the quality and radical scavenging activity of tomato. Nippon Shokuhin
Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 55 (3): 109-116. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=JP2008002314.
TongKe, F. (2013). Smart agriculture based on cloud computing and IOT. Journal of Convergence Information Technology 8 (2): 210-216. doi:10.4156/jcit.vol8.issue2.26.
Xu, Z., Shou, W., Huang, K., Zhou, S., Li, G., Tang, G., Xiu, X., Xu, G., & Jin, B. (2000). The current situation and trend of tomato cultivation in China. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 22 (3): 379-382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-000-0061-y.
Yabe, S. A, Honma, C., Nagahama, Y., & Takahashi, N. (2009). Comparative study of tomato with a high sugar content and common tomato grown. Journal of Cookery Science of Japan 42 (3): 188-193. doi:https://doi.org/10.11402/cookeryscience.42.188.
Yoshida, Y., Shingai, A., Ooyama, M., Murakami, K., & Goto, T. (2013). Incidence of blossom-end rot in relation to water-soluble Ca concentration in tomato fruits as affected by Ca nutrition under root restriction. Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University 102: 21-28. http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/en/49158.
Yoshino, M. M., & Kai, K. (1977). The division and characteristics of the natural seasons of Japan. Geographical Review of Japan 50 (11): 635-651. doi:https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.50.635.
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2020-10-01
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A Study on Factors Affecting High Quality Fruit Tomato Production in a Greenhouse by Utilizing Low Cost Smart Agriculture Framework (R. Saville, K. Hatanaka, & D. P. Rubanga , Trans.). (2020). Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED), 2(2), 58-70. https://doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v2i2.104
