Behaviour of Grouted Sleeve Wall Connection under Lateral Load
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v6i1.337Keywords:
Grouted sleeve, Precast wall connection, Flexural loads, Splicing bars, Feasibility studyAbstract
A grouted sleeve’s efficiency in splicing steel bars makes it a potential choice for connecting precast elements. While most studies have focused on the feasibility of grouted sleeves under tension, only a few have investigated the real response of precast concrete members connected using grouted sleeves. In this study, Tapered Head Sleeves (THS) were utilized as connections for precast walls. The objectives were to examine their behavior under incremental lateral loads and assess the feasibility of THS as a wall connection. Five test specimens and one control specimen were fabricated, each comprising two walls joined by THS. The load was applied 1.8 m above the joint until specimen failure. Specimens that experienced bar fracture failure exhibited a relatively large drift upon failure, while those failing due to bar bond slip showed smaller drift. Factors contributing to wall drift included horizontal slip, rocking displacement, cantilever bending deformation, and compressive settlement. The ultimate load increased by 71% as the embedded length increased from 75 mm to 175 mm, and it increased by 50% as the sleeve diameter decreased from 75 mm to 50 mm. The sleeves' performance was evaluated for feasibility based on the strength ratio, drift ratio, ductility ratio, failure mode, performance ratio, serviceability ratio, and length ratio. Only THS-8 met all the criteria, suggesting that the bar's embedded length should be at least 11 times the bar diameter.
References
AC-133. (2008). Acceptance criteria for mechanical connector systems for steel reinforcing bars. ICC Evaluation Service, Inc.
ACI-318. (2008). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. American Concrete Institute.
Al-Jelawy, H. M. (2022). Experimental and numerical investigations on monotonic tensile behavior of grouted sleeve couplers with different splicing configurations. Engineering Structures, 265, 114434.
Alias, A., Sapawi, F., Kusbiantoro, A., Zubir, M., & Rahman, A. B. (2014). Performance of Grouted Splice Sleeve Connector under Tensile Load. JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES, 7, 1094–1102.
Alias, A., Zubir, M. A., Shahid, K. A., & RAhman, A. B. A. (2013). Structural Performance of Grouted Sleeve Connectors with and without Transverse Reinforcement for Precast Concrete Structure. Procedia Engineering, 53, 116–123.
ASTM A1034/A. (2005). Standard test methods for testing mechanical splices for steel rein-forcing bars. ASTM International.
ASTM E564-06. (2006). Standard practice for static load test for shear resistance of framed walls for building. ASTM International.
Baharuddin, A., Rahman, A., & Hosseini, S. J. A. (2013). Analysis of spiral reinforcement in grouted pipe splice connectors. GRAĐEVINAR, 65(6), 537–546.
BS-EN 1992-1-1:2004. (2004). Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. British Standards Institution.
BS8110-1:1997. (1997). Structural use of concrete - Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction BS 8110. British Standards Institution.
Einea, A., Yamane, T., & Tadros, M. K. (1995). Grout-Filled Pipe Splices for Precast Concrete Construction. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Journal, 40, 82–93.
Eurocode Applied.Com. (n.d.). Eurocode 2: Table of reinforcement anchorage length and lap length. Retrieved November 16, 2022, from https://eurocodeapplied.com/design/en1992/anchorage-and-lap-length-table
Haber, Z., Saiidi, M., & Sanders, D. (2015). Behavior and Simplified Modeling of Mechanical Reinforcing Bar Splices. Aci Structural Journal, 112. https://doi.org/10.14359/51687455
Hawkins, N. (2004). Acceptance Criteria for Special Precast Concrete Structural Walls Based on Validation Testing. PCI Journal, 49. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.09012004.78.92
Henin, E., & Morcous, G. (2015). Non-proprietary bar splice sleeve for precast concrete con-struction. Engineering Structures, 83, 154–162.
Henry, R. E. U. and R. L. (n.d.). Influence of Normal Pressure on Bond Strength. ACI Journal Proceedings, 62(5). https://doi.org/10.14359/7711
Hosseini, S. J. A., & Rahman, A. B. A. (2016). Effects of spiral confinement to the bond behav-ior of deformed reinforcement bars subjected to axial tension. Engineering Structures, 112, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.12.038
Hosseini, S. J. A., Rahman, A. B. A., Osman, M. H., Saim, A., & Adnan, A. (2015). Bond behav-ior of spirally confined splice of deformed bars in grout. Construction and Building Materials, 80, 180–194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.097
Huang, Z., Yang, Y., Zhang, J., Ma, S., & Cao, C. (2023). Experimental study on the tensile performance of a large-diameter UHPC grouted sleeve with thread. Engineering Structures, 294, 116707. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116707
Koushfar, K., Rahman, A., Ahmad, Y., & Osman, M. (2014). Bond behavior of the reinforce-ment bar in glass fiber-reinforced polymer connector. Gradjevinar, 66, 301–310.
Li, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., He, X., Wang, J., & Su, Y. (2022). Anchorage behavior of grouting sleeves under uniaxial and cyclic loading-A comparative study of the internal structure of sleeves. Journal of Building Engineering, 49, 104057.
Lin, F., & Zhao, P. (2020). Behavior of Grouted Sleeve Splice for Steel Profile under Tensile Loadings. Materials, 13, 2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092037
Ling, J. H. (2011). Behaviour of Grouted Splice Connections in Precast Concrete Wall Sub-jected to Ten-sile, Shear and Flexural Loads. In Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Ling, J. H., Abd. Rahman, A. B., & Ibrahim, I. S. (2014). Feasibility study of grouted splice connector under tensile load. Construction and Building Materials, 50, 530–539.
Ling, J. H., Abd. Rahman, A. B., Ibrahim, I. S., & Abdul Hamid, Z. (2012). Behaviour of grout-ed pipe splice under incremental tensile load. Construction and Building Materials, 33, 90–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.001
Ling, J. H., Abd. Rahman, A. B., Ibrahim, I. S., & Abdul Hamid, Z. (2016). Tensile capacity of grouted splice sleeves. Engineering Structures, 111, 285–296.
Ling, J. H., Rahman, A. B. A., & Ibrahim, I. S. (2022). Deformation Behavior of Grouted Sleeve Wall Connector Under Shear Load in Precast Process of Concrete Wall. In Indo-nesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) (Vol. 4, Issues 2 SE-Articles, pp. 1–14). https://doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v4i2.263
Ling, J. H., Rahman, A., Ibrahim, I., & Abd. Hamid, Z. (2017). An Experimental Study of Welded Bar Sleeve Wall Panel Connection under Tensile, Shear, and Flexural Loads. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 11.
Ling, J. H., Rahman, A., Mirasa, A. K., & Hamid, Z. (2008). Performance of CS-sleeve under direct tensile load: Part i - Failure modes. Malaysian J Civil Eng, 20.
Lu, Z., Huang, J., Li, Y., Dai, S., Peng, Z., Liu, X., & Zhang, M. (2019). Mechanical behaviour of grouted sleeve splice under uniaxial tensile loading. Engineering Structures, 186, 421–435. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.02.033
Ma, G., Qin, C., Hwang, H.-J., & Zhou, Z. (2023). Data-driven models for predicting tensile load capacity and failure mode of grouted splice sleeve connection. Engineering Struc-tures, 289, 116236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116236
Moosavi, M., Jafari, A., & Khosravi, A. (2005). Bond of cement grouted reinforcing bars un-der constant radial pressure. Cement and Concrete Composites, 27(1), 103–109.
Rahman, A. B., Ling, J. H., Ibrahim, I., & Abd. Hamid, Z. (2010). Performance of grouted sleeve connectors subjected to incremental tensile loads. Malaysian Constr Res J (MCRJ), 6, 39–55.
Sayadi, A. A., Abd. Rahman, A. B., Sayadi, A., Bahmani, M., & Shahryari, L. (2015). Effective of elastic and inelastic zone on behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer splice sleeve. Construction and Building Materials, 80, 38–47.
Sayadi, A. A., Rahman, A. B. A., Jumaat, M. Z. Bin, Johnson Alengaram, U., & Ahmad, S. (2014). The relationship between interlocking mechanism and bond strength in elastic and inelastic segment of splice sleeve. Construction and Building Materials, 55, 227–237.
Seo, S.-Y., Nam, B.-R., & Kim, S.-K. (2016). Tensile strength of the grout-filled head-splice-sleeve. Construction and Building Materials, 124, 155–166.
Soudki, K. A. (1994). Behaviour of horizontal connections for precast concrete load-bearing shear wall pan-els subjected to reversed cyclic deformations. University of Manitoba.
Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Yao, L., Wei, Y., & Wu, G. (2021). Bond performance between SFCBs and grouted sleeves for precast concrete structures. Advances in Structural Engineering, 24(13), 2857–2869. https://doi.org/10.1177/13694332211001505
Tastani, S., & Pantazopoulou, S. (2002). EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE DIRECT TENSION - PULLOUT BOND TEST.
Tibbetts, A., Oliva, M., & Bank, L. (2009). Durable Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bar Splice Con-nections for Precast Concrete Structures. Composites & Polycon, 15–17.
Tullini, N., & Minghini, F. (2016). Grouted sleeve connections used in precast reinforced concrete construction – Experimental investigation of a column-to-column joint. Engi-neering Structures, 127, 784–803.
Wang, Z., Zhu, J., Wang, J., Zhao, G., Sun, S., & Zhang, J. (2021). Experimental study on a novel UHPC grout-filled pipe sleeve with mechanical interlocking for large-diameter deformed bars. Engineering Structures, 226, 111358.
Xu, T., Li, Q., Zhao, R., Ding, J., & Zhan, Y. (2019). On the early-age bond-slip behavior of an eccentric bar embedded in a grouted sleeve. Engineering Structures, 190, 160–170. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.020
Zheng, Y., Guo, Z., Guan, D., & Zhang, X. (2018). Parametric study on a novel grouted rolling pipe splice for precast concrete construction. Construction and Building Materials, 166, 452–463. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.182
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2024-04-17 (2)
- 2024-04-01 (1)
