An Economic Evaluation on Scaling-up Production of Nano Gold from Laboratory to Industrial Scale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v1i1.34Keywords:
Borassus flabellifer, Mechanical joint, Flexural strength, Fiber CompositeAbstract
Gold nanoparticles are applicable in various engineering fields such as in biosensors, drug delivery, and tumor imaging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the scaling-up production of gold nanoparticles from laboratory to industrial scale. The evaluation was done from engineering and economic perspectives, in which several parameters including gross profit margin (GPM), and payback period (PBP) were analyzed. From the engineering evaluation, the result showed that the production of Nano gold is prospective using current technologies. To produce Nano gold, we could use chloroauric acid, sodium citrate, and sodium borohydride, in which these materials can be converted into gold nanoparticles. From the economic evaluation, the result showed that Nano gold production in industry scale can be profitable with a certain condition of raw material. It was shown that the breakeven point, payback period and gross profit margin could be achieved in 20 years.
References
Brust, M., Bethell, D., Kiely, C. J., & Schiffrin, D. J. (1998). Self-assembled gold nanoparticle thin films with nonmetallic optical and electronic properties. Langmuir, 14(19), 5425-5429.
Brust, M., Fink, J., Bethell, D., Schiffrin, D. J., & Kiely, C. (1995). Synthesis and reactions of functionalised gold nanoparticles. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, (16), 1655-1656.
Brust, M., Walker, M., Bethell, D., Schiffrin, D. J., & Whyman, R. (1994). Synthesis of thiolderivatised gold nanoparticles in a two-phase liquid–liquid system. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, (7), 801-802.
Fedlheim, D. L., & Foss, C. A. (2001). Metal nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and applications. CRC press.
Guozhong, C. (2004). Nanostructures and nanomaterials: synthesis, properties and applications. World scientific.
Kumar, S. S., Venkateswarlu, P., Rao, V. R., & Rao, G. N. (2013). Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles. International Nano Letters, 3(1), 30.
Kumar, V., & Yadav, S. K. (2009). Plant‐mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and their applications. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 84(2), 151-157.
Li, N., Zhao, P., & Astruc, D. (2014). Anisotropic gold nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, applications, and toxicity. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53(7), 1756-1789.
Martien, R., Adhyatmika, A., Irianto, I. D., Farida, V., & Sari, D. P. (2012). Perkembangan teknologi nanopartikel sebagai sistem penghantaran obat. Majalah Farmaseutik, 8(1), 133-144.
Schmid, G. (Ed.). (2011). Nanoparticles: from theory to application. John Wiley & Sons.
Sun, Y. & Xia, Y. (2002). Shape-controlled synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. Science, 298(5601), 2176-2179.
Verma, H. N., Singh, P., and Chavan, R. M. (2014). Gold nanoparticle: synthesis and characterization. Veterinary World, 7(2), 72.
Wang, S. L. & Chio, S. H. (1998). Deproteinization of shrimp and crab shell with the protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187. Enzyme and microbial technology, 22(7), 629-633.
Widyanti, A. L. (2010). Pembuatan Sensor Elektrokimia Berbasis Emas Nanopartikel Untuk Kuantisasi Rasa Pedas Secara Voltameter Siklik.
Yanti, F. & Fitri, E. K. A. (2013). Synthesis and Characterization of Nano gold Using Matrix Cetostearyl Alcohol as Free Radicals Scavenging in Cosmetic. Journal of Chemistry, 2(1).
Yap, C. Y., & Mohamed, N. (2008). Electrogenerative gold recovery from cyanide solutions using a flow-through cell with activated reticulated vitreous carbon. Chemosphere, 73(5), 685-691.
Yu, D. and Yam, V. W. W. (2005). Hydrothermal-induced assembly of colloidal silver spheres into various nanoparticles on the basis of HTAB-modified silver mirror reaction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109(12), 5497-5503.
