BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION DISCLOSURE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46273/jobe.v9i2.214Keywords:
corporate governance, board characteristics, environmental investments, disclosures, corporate social responsibilityAbstract
The paper analysed the relationship amid board characteristics and environmental information disclosure of listed Nigerian manufacturing firms. The data used were sourced from twenty (20) Nigerian listed companies from the manufacturing sectors, which were randomly chosen from manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian stock market between 2013 and 2017. The study made use of ordinary least squares regression. According to the research findings, there exists a positive and significant relationship linking board independence and environmental disclosure in Nigeria’s oil and gas and manufacturing sectors. In line with the results, a large board of directors comprised of foreign directors would improve firms’ environmental disclosure. Furthermore, this study’s findings would help organisations satisfy stakeholders’ needs in their corporate governance practices. This study throws light on voluntary disclosures and how firms can adjust their corporate governance practices to boost their environmental disclosures, which is a contemporary issue because stakeholders demand more information that affects their investing decisions.
References
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Akbas, H. E. (2016). The relationship between board characteristics and environmental disclosure: Evidence from Turkish listed companies. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 11(2), 7-19.
Al-Bassam, W. M., Ntim, C. G., Opong, K. K., & Downs, Y. (2018). Corporate boards and ownership structure as antecedents of corporate governance disclosure in Saudi Arabian publicly listed corporations. Business & Society, 57(2), 335-377.
Ali, M. A. & Attan, R. H. (2013). The relationship between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure: A case of Malaysian sustainability companies and global sustainability companies. South East Asian Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 1(3), 39-48.
Amorelli, M. F., & García‐Sánchez, I. M. (2021). Trends in the dynamic evolution of board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(2), 537-554.
Amran, A., Lee, S. P., & Devi, S. S. (2014). The influence of governance structure and strategic corporate social responsibility toward sustainability reporting quality. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(4), 217-235.
Andrew, J. (2003). Corporate Governance: The Environment and the Internet. Electronic Green Journal, 19.
Ashafoke, T. O. & Ilaboya, J. (2017). Board characteristics and environmental disclosure in Nigerian banking sector. International Accounting & Finance Research Journal, 6(1), 87-102.
Aslam, S., Makki, M. A. M., Mahmood, S., & Amin, S. (2018). Gender Diversity and Managerial Ownership Response to Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives: Empirical Evidence from Australia. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 12(2), 131-151.
Baalouch, F., Ayadi, S. D., & Hussainey, K. (2019). A study of the determinants of environmental disclosure quality: Evidence from French listed companies. Journal of Management and Governance, 23(4), 939-971.
Ben-Amar, W., Chang, M., & McIlkenny, P. (2017). Board gender diversity and corporate response to sustainability initiatives: Evidence from the carbon disclosure project. Journal of Business Ethics, 142(2), 369-383.
Beyer, A., Cohen, D. A., Lys, T. Z., & Walther, B. R. (2010). The financial reporting environment: Review of the recent literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2), 296–343.
Braz, M. J. O. & Lopes, A. I. (2018). The relationship between board’s diversity and the reputation of integrated reports. In XVIII Encontro Internacional AECA. Lisboa: Asociacion Espanola de Contabilidad y Administracion de Empresas.
Cai, Y., Dhaliwal, D. S., Kim, Y., & Pan, C. (2014). Board interlocks and the diffusion of disclosure policy. Review of Accounting Studies, 19(3), 1086-1119.
Castilla-Polo, F., Gallardo-Vázquez, D., Sánchez-Hernández, M. I., & Ruiz-Rodríguez, M. C. (2018). An empirical approach to analyse the reputation-performance linkage in agrifood cooperatives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 163-175.
Cunha, V. & Rodrigues, L. L. (2018). Determinants of structure of corporate governance disclosure in Portugal. Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, 20, 338-360.
Delmas M. A. & Toffel, M. W. (2008). Organizational responses to environmental demands: Opening the black box. Strategic Management Journal, 29(10), 1027-1055.
Eberhardt-Toth, E. (2017). Who should be on a board corporate social responsibility committee? Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 1926-1935.
Elmagrhi, M. H., Ntim, C. G., & Wang, Y. (2016). Antecedents of voluntary corporate governance disclosure: A post-2007/08 financial crisis evidence from the influential UK Combined Code. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society,16(3), 507-538.
Ernst & Ernst (1978). Social responsibility disclosure: 1978 Survey. Ernst & Ernst.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
Freeman, R. E. (2004). The stakeholder approach revisited. Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik, 5(3), 228-254.
Gerged, A. M. (2021). Factors affecting corporate environmental disclosure in emerging markets: The role of corporate governance structures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 609-629.
Giannarakis, G., Andronikidis, A., & Sariannidis, N. (2020). Determinants of environmental disclosure: investigating new and conventional corporate governance characteristics. Annals of Operations Research, 294(1), 87-105.
Ghabayen, M. A., Mohamad, N. R., & Ahmad, N. (2016). Board characteristics and corporate social responsibility disclosure in the Jordanian banks. Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition,12(1), 84-100.
Haji, A. A. (2012). The Trend of CSR Disclosures and the Role of Corporate Governance Attributes: The Case of Shari’ah Compliant Companies in Malaysia. Issues in Social and Environmental Accounting, 6(2), 221-247.
Haladu, A. & Salim, B. B. (2016). Board characteristics and sustainability reporting: environmental agencies’ moderating effects: International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4), 1525-1533.
Haniffa, R. M. & Cooke, T. E. (2005). The impact of culture and governance on corporate reporting. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 24(5), 391-430.
Harrison, J. S., Barney, J. B., Freeman, R. E., & Philips, R. A. (2019). The Cambridge Handbook of Stakeholder Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Harrison, J., Freeman, R., & Cavalcanti Sa de Abreu, M. (2015). Stakeholder theory as an ethical approach to effective management. Review of Business Management, 1(10), 858-869.
Ho, S. S. & Shun Wong, K. (2001). A study of the relationship between corporate governance structures and the extent of voluntary disclosure. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 10(2), 139-156.
Holst, E. & Kirsch, A. (2014). Women still the exception on executive boards of Germany’s large firms – Gradually Increasing Representation on Supervisory Boards. DIW Economy Bulletin, 4(3), 3-15
Htay, S. N. N., Rashid, H. M., Adnan, M. A. & Meera, A. K. M. (2012). Impact of corporate governance on social and environmental information disclosure of Malaysian listed banks: Panel data analysis. Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(1), 1-24.
Isa, M. A. & Muhammad, S. (2015). The impact of board characteristics on corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from Nigerian food product firms. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 1(12), 34-45.
Isidro, H. & Sobral, M. (2015). The effects of women on corporate boards on firm value, financial performance, and ethical and social compliance. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(1), 1-19.
Jizi, M., Nehme, R., & Salama, A. (2016). Do social responsibility disclosures show improvements on stock price? The Journal of Developing Areas, 50(2), 77-95.
Khaireddine, H., Salhi, B., Aljabr, J., & Jarboui, A. (2020). Impact of board characteristics on governance, environmental and ethical disclosure. Society and Business Review, 15(3), 273-295.
Khan, A., Muttakin, M. B., & Siddiqui, J. (2013). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosures: Evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(2), 207-223.
Khan, M. T., Al‐Jabri, Q. M., & Saif, N. (2021). Dynamic relationship between corporate board structure and firm performance: Evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(1), 644-661.
Li, W., Nan, X., & Mo, Z. (2010). Effects of budgetary goal characteristics on managerial attitudes and performance. 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (pp. 1-5).
Liao, L., Luo, L. & Tang, Q. (2015). Gender diversity, board independence, environmental committee and greenhouse gas disclosure. The British Accounting Review, 47(4), 409-424.
Mallin, C., Michelon, G., & Raggi, D. (2013). Monitoring intensity and stakeholders’ orientation: how does governance affect social and environmental disclosure? Journal of Business Ethics, 114(1), 29-43.
Mallin, C. & Ow-Yong, K. (2012). Factors influencing corporate governance disclosures: Evidence from Alternative Investment Market (AIM) companies in the UK. The European Journal of Finance, 18(6), 515-533.
Marzuki, M. M., Haji-Abdullah, N. M., Othman, R., Abdul Wahab, E. A., & Harymawan, I. (2019). Audit committee characteristics, board diversity, and fraudulent financial reporting in Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 24(2), 143-167.
Mohamad, W. I. A. W., & Sulong, Z. (2010). Corporate governance mechanisms and extent of disclosure: Evidence from listed companies in Malaysia. International Business Research, 3(4), 216-228.
Ntim, C. G., & Soobaroyen, T. (2013). Corporate governance and performance in socially responsible corporations: New empirical insights from a neo‐institutional framework. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(5), 468-494.
Ofoegbu, G. N., Odoemelam, N. & Okafor, R. G. (2018). Corporate board characteristics and environmental disclosure quantity: Evidence from South Africa (integrated reporting) and Nigeria (traditional reporting). Cogent Business & Management, 5, 1-27.
Okafor, T. G. (2018). Environmental costs accounting and reporting on firm financial performance: A survey of quoted Nigerian oil companies. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 7(1), 1-6.
Okere, W., Isiaka, M. A., & Ogunlowore, A. J. (2018). Risk management and financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy, 6(2), 35-36.
Osazuwa, N. P., Ahmad, A. C. & Adam, N. C. (2016). Environmental disclosure in Nigerian quoted companies: The longitudinal study. IPBJ, 8(2), 19-33.
Ott, C., Schiemann, F., & Günther, T. (2017). Disentangling the determinants of the response and the publication decisions: The case of the carbon disclosure project. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 36(1), 14-33.
Pechersky, A. (2016). Diversity in board of directors: Review of diversity as a factor to enhance board performance. Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia, 9(33), 88-101.
Price, N. J. (2018, Oct 18th). The Role of the Board of Directors in Corporate Governance. Diligent Insights. https://insights.diligent.com/corporate-governance/the-role-of-the-board-of-directors-in-corporate-governance/
Qian, W. & Chen, X. (2021). Corporate environmental disclosure and political connection in regulatory and leadership changes: The case of China. The British Accounting Review, 53(1), 100935.
Rabi, A. M. (2021). Board characteristics and environmental disclosure: evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 14(2), 1-57.
Rahim, M. F. A., Johari, R. J., & Takril, N. F. (2015). Revisited note on corporate governance and quality of audit committee: Malaysian perspective. Procedia Economics and Finance, 28, 213-221.
Rissy, Y. Y. W. (2021). The stakeholder model: its relevance, concept, and application in the Indonesian banking sector. Journal of Banking Regulation, 22(9/10), 219-231.
Roberts, C. B. (1991). Environmental disclosures: A note on reporting practices in mainland Europe. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 4(3), 62-71.
Rupley, K. H., Brown, D., & Marshall, R. S. (2012). Governance, media and the quality of environmental disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 31(6), 610-640.
Samaha, K., Dahawy, K., Hussainey, K., & Stapleton, P. (2012). The extent of corporate governance disclosure and its determinants in a developing market: The case of Egypt. Advances in Accounting, 28(1), 168-178.
Sankara, J., Lindberg, D. L., & Nowland, J. (2017). Are Board Governance Characteristics associated with Ethical Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures? The Case of the Mandatory Conflict Minerals Reporting Requirement. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 14(3), 101-116.
Shahab, Y. & Ye, C. (2018). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate governance: empirical insights on neo-institutional framework from China. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 15(2), 87-103.
Sharif, M. & Rashid, K. (2014). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting: An empirical evidence from commercial banks (CB) of Pakistan. Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 48(5), 2501-2521.
Siddiqui, M. (2011). Are the government officials good stewards of public funds? The Financial Express, 18(108), 1-6.
Ştefănescu, C. A. (2013). How Do Ownership Features Affect Corporate Governance Disclosure? – The Case of Banking System. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 9(2), 37-51.
Uwuigbe, U. & Ben-Caleb, E. (2012). Corporate social responsibility disclosure in Nigeria: A study of listed financial and non-financial firms. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(1), 160-169.
Uwuigbe, U., Egbide, B. C., & Ayokunle, A. M. (2011). The effect of board size and board composition on firms corporate environmental disclosure: A study of selected firms in Nigeria. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 7(5), 164-176.
Uwuigbe, U. & Jimoh, J. (2012). Corporate environmental disclosures in the Nigerian manufacturing industry: A study of selected firms. An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(3), 71-83.
Uwuigbe, U. & Uadiale, O. M. (2011). Corporate social and environmental disclosure in Nigeria: A comparative study of the building material and brewery industry. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 258-264.
Walls, J. L., Phan, P. H. & Berrone, P. (2011). Measuring environmental strategy: Construct development, reliability, and validity. Business and Society, 50(1), 71-115.
Welbeck, E. E., Owusu, G. M. Y., Bekoe, R. A & Kusi, J. A. (2017). Determinants of environmental disclosures of listed firms in Ghana. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 2(11), 1-12.
Zhang, D., Zhang, Z., Ji, Q., Lucey, B., & Liu, J. (2021). Board characteristics, external governance and the use of renewable energy: International evidence. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 72, 101317.
Adekoya, A. & Ekpenyong, E. (2009). Corporate governance and environmental performance: Three-point strategy for improving environmental performance among corporations in Africa. IAIA 09 Conference Proceedings, Impact Assessment and Human Wellbeing.
Akbas, H. E. (2016). The relationship between board characteristics and environmental disclosure: Evidence from Turkish listed companies. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 11(2), 7-19.
Al-Bassam, W. M., Ntim, C. G., Opong, K. K., & Downs, Y. (2018). Corporate boards and ownership structure as antecedents of corporate governance disclosure in Saudi Arabian publicly listed corporations. Business & Society, 57(2), 335-377.
Ali, M. A. & Attan, R. H. (2013). The relationship between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure: A case of Malaysian sustainability companies and global sustainability companies. South East Asian Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 1(3), 39-48.
Amorelli, M. F., & García‐Sánchez, I. M. (2021). Trends in the dynamic evolution of board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(2), 537-554.
Amran, A., Lee, S. P., & Devi, S. S. (2014). The influence of governance structure and strategic corporate social responsibility toward sustainability reporting quality. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(4), 217-235.
Andrew, J. (2003). Corporate Governance: The Environment and the Internet. Electronic Green Journal, 19.
Ashafoke, T. O. & Ilaboya, J. (2017). Board characteristics and environmental disclosure in Nigerian banking sector. International Accounting & Finance Research Journal, 6(1), 87-102.
Aslam, S., Makki, M. A. M., Mahmood, S., & Amin, S. (2018). Gender Diversity and Managerial Ownership Response to Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives: Empirical Evidence from Australia. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 12(2), 131-151.
Baalouch, F., Ayadi, S. D., & Hussainey, K. (2019). A study of the determinants of environmental disclosure quality: Evidence from French listed companies. Journal of Management and Governance, 23(4), 939-971.
Ben-Amar, W., Chang, M., & McIlkenny, P. (2017). Board gender diversity and corporate response to sustainability initiatives: Evidence from the carbon disclosure project. Journal of Business Ethics, 142(2), 369-383.
Beyer, A., Cohen, D. A., Lys, T. Z., & Walther, B. R. (2010). The financial reporting environment: Review of the recent literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2), 296–343.
Braz, M. J. O. & Lopes, A. I. (2018). The relationship between board’s diversity and the reputation of integrated reports. In XVIII Encontro Internacional AECA. Lisboa: Asociacion Espanola de Contabilidad y Administracion de Empresas.
Cai, Y., Dhaliwal, D. S., Kim, Y., & Pan, C. (2014). Board interlocks and the diffusion of disclosure policy. Review of Accounting Studies, 19(3), 1086-1119.
Castilla-Polo, F., Gallardo-Vázquez, D., Sánchez-Hernández, M. I., & Ruiz-Rodríguez, M. C. (2018). An empirical approach to analyse the reputation-performance linkage in agrifood cooperatives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 163-175.
Cunha, V. & Rodrigues, L. L. (2018). Determinants of structure of corporate governance disclosure in Portugal. Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, 20, 338-360.
Delmas M. A. & Toffel, M. W. (2008). Organizational responses to environmental demands: Opening the black box. Strategic Management Journal, 29(10), 1027-1055.
Eberhardt-Toth, E. (2017). Who should be on a board corporate social responsibility committee? Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 1926-1935.
Elmagrhi, M. H., Ntim, C. G., & Wang, Y. (2016). Antecedents of voluntary corporate governance disclosure: A post-2007/08 financial crisis evidence from the influential UK Combined Code. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society,16(3), 507-538.
Ernst & Ernst (1978). Social responsibility disclosure: 1978 Survey. Ernst & Ernst.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
Freeman, R. E. (2004). The stakeholder approach revisited. Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik, 5(3), 228-254.
Gerged, A. M. (2021). Factors affecting corporate environmental disclosure in emerging markets: The role of corporate governance structures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 609-629.
Giannarakis, G., Andronikidis, A., & Sariannidis, N. (2020). Determinants of environmental disclosure: investigating new and conventional corporate governance characteristics. Annals of Operations Research, 294(1), 87-105.
Ghabayen, M. A., Mohamad, N. R., & Ahmad, N. (2016). Board characteristics and corporate social responsibility disclosure in the Jordanian banks. Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition,12(1), 84-100.
Haji, A. A. (2012). The Trend of CSR Disclosures and the Role of Corporate Governance Attributes: The Case of Shari’ah Compliant Companies in Malaysia. Issues in Social and Environmental Accounting, 6(2), 221-247.
Haladu, A. & Salim, B. B. (2016). Board characteristics and sustainability reporting: environmental agencies’ moderating effects: International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4), 1525-1533.
Haniffa, R. M. & Cooke, T. E. (2005). The impact of culture and governance on corporate reporting. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 24(5), 391-430.
Harrison, J. S., Barney, J. B., Freeman, R. E., & Philips, R. A. (2019). The Cambridge Handbook of Stakeholder Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Harrison, J., Freeman, R., & Cavalcanti Sa de Abreu, M. (2015). Stakeholder theory as an ethical approach to effective management. Review of Business Management, 1(10), 858-869.
Ho, S. S. & Shun Wong, K. (2001). A study of the relationship between corporate governance structures and the extent of voluntary disclosure. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 10(2), 139-156.
Holst, E. & Kirsch, A. (2014). Women still the exception on executive boards of Germany’s large firms – Gradually Increasing Representation on Supervisory Boards. DIW Economy Bulletin, 4(3), 3-15
Htay, S. N. N., Rashid, H. M., Adnan, M. A. & Meera, A. K. M. (2012). Impact of corporate governance on social and environmental information disclosure of Malaysian listed banks: Panel data analysis. Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(1), 1-24.
Isa, M. A. & Muhammad, S. (2015). The impact of board characteristics on corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from Nigerian food product firms. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 1(12), 34-45.
Isidro, H. & Sobral, M. (2015). The effects of women on corporate boards on firm value, financial performance, and ethical and social compliance. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(1), 1-19.
Jizi, M., Nehme, R., & Salama, A. (2016). Do social responsibility disclosures show improvements on stock price? The Journal of Developing Areas, 50(2), 77-95.
Khaireddine, H., Salhi, B., Aljabr, J., & Jarboui, A. (2020). Impact of board characteristics on governance, environmental and ethical disclosure. Society and Business Review, 15(3), 273-295.
Khan, A., Muttakin, M. B., & Siddiqui, J. (2013). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosures: Evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(2), 207-223.
Khan, M. T., Al‐Jabri, Q. M., & Saif, N. (2021). Dynamic relationship between corporate board structure and firm performance: Evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(1), 644-661.
Li, W., Nan, X., & Mo, Z. (2010). Effects of budgetary goal characteristics on managerial attitudes and performance. 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (pp. 1-5).
Liao, L., Luo, L. & Tang, Q. (2015). Gender diversity, board independence, environmental committee and greenhouse gas disclosure. The British Accounting Review, 47(4), 409-424.
Mallin, C., Michelon, G., & Raggi, D. (2013). Monitoring intensity and stakeholders’ orientation: how does governance affect social and environmental disclosure? Journal of Business Ethics, 114(1), 29-43.
Mallin, C. & Ow-Yong, K. (2012). Factors influencing corporate governance disclosures: Evidence from Alternative Investment Market (AIM) companies in the UK. The European Journal of Finance, 18(6), 515-533.
Marzuki, M. M., Haji-Abdullah, N. M., Othman, R., Abdul Wahab, E. A., & Harymawan, I. (2019). Audit committee characteristics, board diversity, and fraudulent financial reporting in Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 24(2), 143-167.
Mohamad, W. I. A. W., & Sulong, Z. (2010). Corporate governance mechanisms and extent of disclosure: Evidence from listed companies in Malaysia. International Business Research, 3(4), 216-228.
Ntim, C. G., & Soobaroyen, T. (2013). Corporate governance and performance in socially responsible corporations: New empirical insights from a neo‐institutional framework. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(5), 468-494.
Ofoegbu, G. N., Odoemelam, N. & Okafor, R. G. (2018). Corporate board characteristics and environmental disclosure quantity: Evidence from South Africa (integrated reporting) and Nigeria (traditional reporting). Cogent Business & Management, 5, 1-27.
Okafor, T. G. (2018). Environmental costs accounting and reporting on firm financial performance: A survey of quoted Nigerian oil companies. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 7(1), 1-6.
Okere, W., Isiaka, M. A., & Ogunlowore, A. J. (2018). Risk management and financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy, 6(2), 35-36.
Osazuwa, N. P., Ahmad, A. C. & Adam, N. C. (2016). Environmental disclosure in Nigerian quoted companies: The longitudinal study. IPBJ, 8(2), 19-33.
Ott, C., Schiemann, F., & Günther, T. (2017). Disentangling the determinants of the response and the publication decisions: The case of the carbon disclosure project. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 36(1), 14-33.
Pechersky, A. (2016). Diversity in board of directors: Review of diversity as a factor to enhance board performance. Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia, 9(33), 88-101.
Price, N. J. (2018, Oct 18th). The Role of the Board of Directors in Corporate Governance. Diligent Insights. https://insights.diligent.com/corporate-governance/the-role-of-the-board-of-directors-in-corporate-governance/
Qian, W. & Chen, X. (2021). Corporate environmental disclosure and political connection in regulatory and leadership changes: The case of China. The British Accounting Review, 53(1), 100935.
Rabi, A. M. (2021). Board characteristics and environmental disclosure: evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 14(2), 1-57.
Rahim, M. F. A., Johari, R. J., & Takril, N. F. (2015). Revisited note on corporate governance and quality of audit committee: Malaysian perspective. Procedia Economics and Finance, 28, 213-221.
Rissy, Y. Y. W. (2021). The stakeholder model: its relevance, concept, and application in the Indonesian banking sector. Journal of Banking Regulation, 22(9/10), 219-231.
Roberts, C. B. (1991). Environmental disclosures: A note on reporting practices in mainland Europe. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 4(3), 62-71.
Rupley, K. H., Brown, D., & Marshall, R. S. (2012). Governance, media and the quality of environmental disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 31(6), 610-640.
Samaha, K., Dahawy, K., Hussainey, K., & Stapleton, P. (2012). The extent of corporate governance disclosure and its determinants in a developing market: The case of Egypt. Advances in Accounting, 28(1), 168-178.
Sankara, J., Lindberg, D. L., & Nowland, J. (2017). Are Board Governance Characteristics associated with Ethical Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures? The Case of the Mandatory Conflict Minerals Reporting Requirement. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 14(3), 101-116.
Shahab, Y. & Ye, C. (2018). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate governance: empirical insights on neo-institutional framework from China. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 15(2), 87-103.
Sharif, M. & Rashid, K. (2014). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting: An empirical evidence from commercial banks (CB) of Pakistan. Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 48(5), 2501-2521.
Siddiqui, M. (2011). Are the government officials good stewards of public funds? The Financial Express, 18(108), 1-6.
Ştefănescu, C. A. (2013). How Do Ownership Features Affect Corporate Governance Disclosure? – The Case of Banking System. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 9(2), 37-51.
Uwuigbe, U. & Ben-Caleb, E. (2012). Corporate social responsibility disclosure in Nigeria: A study of listed financial and non-financial firms. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(1), 160-169.
Uwuigbe, U., Egbide, B. C., & Ayokunle, A. M. (2011). The effect of board size and board composition on firms corporate environmental disclosure: A study of selected firms in Nigeria. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 7(5), 164-176.
Uwuigbe, U. & Jimoh, J. (2012). Corporate environmental disclosures in the Nigerian manufacturing industry: A study of selected firms. An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(3), 71-83.
Uwuigbe, U. & Uadiale, O. M. (2011). Corporate social and environmental disclosure in Nigeria: A comparative study of the building material and brewery industry. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 258-264.
Walls, J. L., Phan, P. H. & Berrone, P. (2011). Measuring environmental strategy: Construct development, reliability, and validity. Business and Society, 50(1), 71-115.
Welbeck, E. E., Owusu, G. M. Y., Bekoe, R. A & Kusi, J. A. (2017). Determinants of environmental disclosures of listed firms in Ghana. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 2(11), 1-12.
Zhang, D., Zhang, Z., Ji, Q., Lucey, B., & Liu, J. (2021). Board characteristics, external governance and the use of renewable energy: International evidence. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 72, 101317.
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2021-10-09
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BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION DISCLOSURE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA (W. Okere, O. Rufai, O. C. Okeke, & J. B. Oyinloye , Trans.). (2021). Journal of Business And Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 82-93. https://doi.org/10.46273/jobe.v9i2.214
